Extending tidyndr

While the {tidyndr} package focuses on generating line-list of common PEPFAR indicators and providing summaries for these, a few indicators are derived from mathematical calculation of existing indicators. These indicators include:

TX_NET_NEW

This indicator measures the increase (or decrease) in the number of clients on ART over a period of time. It is calculated by subtracting the number of active clients in a previous period from the number of active clients from the current period.

\(tx\_net\_new\ =\ tx\_curr\ current\ period - tx\_curr\ previous\ period\)

To create this in R, we will:

Import the line-list of the previous NDR data and the current NDR data.
Generate the line-list of the tx_curr for each of the imported data.
Summarize our line-list at the desired level (“ip”, “state” or “facility”) using the summarise_ndr().
Subtract the value of the previous tx_curr from the current tx_curr.

## import both previous and current NDR line-lists
file_path <- "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/stephenbalogun/example_files/main/ndr_example.csv"

prev_data <- read_ndr(file_path,
                     time_stamp = "2020-12-31") 
current_data <- read_ndr(file_path,
                     time_stamp = "2020-02-28") 

## generate the tx_curr for each of the imported line-lists
tx_curr_prev <- tx_curr(prev_data)

tx_curr_now <- tx_curr(current_data)

## summarise the treatment currents at state level
tx_currs <- summarise_ndr(tx_curr_prev,
              tx_curr_now,
              level = "state",
              names = c("tx_curr_prev", "tx_curr_now"))

## create a new column that calculates the tx_net_new
tx_net_new <- tx_currs %>%
  mutate(tx_net_new = tx_curr_now - tx_curr_prev)

print(tx_net_new)
#> # A tibble: 4 x 5
#>   ip      state   tx_curr_prev tx_curr_now tx_net_new
#>   <chr>   <chr>          <int>       <int>      <int>
#> 1 IP_name State 1         4776        5668        892
#> 2 IP_name State 2         6689        8048       1359
#> 3 IP_name State 3         9324       10526       1202
#> 4 Total   -              20789       24243       3454

Continuity of Treatment (Retention) Proxy

Previously called “Retention Proxy”. It measures how many of the clients who started the period of interest remained on treatment at the end of that period. It is generally calculated using two different formulas:

\(Continuity\ of\ Treatment\ Proxy\ = \frac{tx\_curr\ at\ end\ of\ reporting\ period}{tx\_curr\ at\ beginning\ of\ period\ +\ tx\_new\ during\ period}\)

or using the standard PEPFAR formula -

\(Continuity\ of\ Treatment\ Proxy\ = 1\ +\ \frac{(tx\_net\_new\ *\ 4)\ -\ (tx\_new\ *\ 4)}{[tx\_curr\ -\ tx\_net\_new\ +\ (tx\_new\ *\ 4)]}\)

To calculate the Continuity of Treatment Proxy using the second approach, we will:

continue with the summary table calculated under tx_net_new above.
generate and summarise the new clients within the reporting period.
join the first two tables together using another {dplyr} function left_join().
create a new column that calculates the continuity of treatment proxy using the formula above.

## calculate the tx_new between the two periods
tx_new <- tx_new(current_data, from = "2021-01-01", to = "2021-02-28") %>%
  summarise_ndr(level = "state", names = "tx_new")

## add the tx_new summary to the initial table and calculate the tx_net_new
tx_net_new %>%
  left_join(tx_new, by = c("ip", "state")) %>%
  mutate(cot_proxy = 1 + (
  ((tx_net_new * 4) - (tx_new) * 4 ) /
    (tx_curr_now - tx_net_new + (tx_new * 4)))
  )
#> # A tibble: 4 x 7
#>   ip      state   tx_curr_prev tx_curr_now tx_net_new tx_new cot_proxy
#>   <chr>   <chr>          <int>       <int>      <int>  <int>     <dbl>
#> 1 IP_name State 1         4776        5668        892    272      1.42
#> 2 IP_name State 2         6689        8048       1359    300      1.54
#> 3 IP_name State 3         9324       10526       1202    984      1.07
#> 4 Total   -              20789       24243       3454   1556      1.28

Viral Load Testing Coverage

The standard viral load testing coverage is calculated by dividing the number of clients with a viral load test result in the period of interest by the number of active clients within the same program 6 months prior.

\(1.\ Viral\ Load\ Testing\ Coverage = \frac{tx\_pvls\_den}{tx\_curr\ 6\ months\ prior}\ *\ 100\)

This means that you will be needing two different datasets (i.e. the current dataset and the dataset of 6 months ago). In the absence of these two datasets, viral load testing coverage can be estimated by calculating the number of clients with a viral load result and dividing by the total number of clients estimated to be eligible for viral load during the period under review.

\(2.\ Viral\ Load\ Testing\ Coverage = \frac{tx\_pvls\_den}{tx\_vl\_eligible}\ *\ 100\)

Below is an example using the second approach:

vl_eligible <- tx_vl_eligible(current_data, ref = "2021-06-30")

vl_result <- tx_pvls_den(current_data, ref = "2021-06-30")

nrow(vl_result) / nrow(vl_eligible) * 100
#> [1] 28.7127

Viral Load Suppression Coverage

This is calculated using:

\(Viral\ Load\ Suppression\ Coverage = \frac{tx\_pvls\_num\ (no.\ of\ clients\ who\ are\ virally\ suppressed)}{tx\_pvls\_den\ (no.\ of\ clients\ with\ viral\ load\ results)}\)

vl_result <- tx_pvls_den(current_data, ref = "2021-06-30")

vl_suppressed <- tx_pvls_num(current_data, ref = "2021-06-30")

nrow(vl_suppressed) / nrow(vl_result) * 100
#> [1] 38.63432

Duration of ARV Dispensed

The months of ARV dispensed is sometimes disaggregated into “<3 months”, “3 - 5 months”, “6+ months”. To calculate these we execute a similar line of code as below:


less_than_three <- tx_mmd(ndr_example, months = c(0, 1, 2))

three_to_five <- tx_mmd(ndr_example, months = c(3, 4, 5))

six_plus <- tx_mmd(ndr_example, months = c(6:12))

summarise_ndr(less_than_three,
              three_to_five,
              six_plus,
              level = "state",
              names = c(
                "< 3months",
                "3-5months",
                "6+ months"
              ))
#> # A tibble: 5 x 5
#>   ip        state   `< 3months` `3-5months` `6+ months`
#>   <chr>     <chr>         <int>       <int>       <int>
#> 1 NGOHealth Okun             30          67         109
#> 2 NGOHealth Abaji            94         284         516
#> 3 NGOHealth Arewa           173         409         635
#> 4 NGOHealth Ayetoro         108         216         467
#> # ... with 1 more row